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THE POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR PRIMARY PREVENTION AND E...

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The Policies and practices for primary prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in Macedonia

93 pages, pdf
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The Policies and practices for primary prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in Macedonia



Publisher: Health and Education Research Association – HERA, Macedonia

Date: 2010

Volume: 93 pages, pdf

Description

Cervical cancer is the second largest cause of female cancer mortality worldwide, “with an estimated 493.000 new cases and 274.000 deaths in 2002” (Parkin et al. 2005, p.91) and projections of further increase in future (WHO 2005). The disease generally affects women at younger age than other cancers do (WHO 2005), with the majority of cases appearing between ages 35 and 50, when many women are actively involved in their careers or caring for their families (Gustafsson et al. 1997). The persistent infection with high-risk (oncogenic) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is identified as the necessary prerequisite for development of cervical cancer and its precursors (Bosch et al. 2002; Muñoz et al 2003).